• Cholesterol stones which are yellowish in color
• Pigment stones are greenish brown in color
• Mixed stones are the commonest stones

• Female
• Fat
• Fertile
• Forty years age
• Food rich in high cholesterol
• Sudden weight loss
• Prolonged fasting

• Gallstones are diagnosed on a fasting ultrasound in 99% of patients. In few patients they may get accidently diagnosed on an routine abdominal X ray.

In asymptomatic patients, you don’t need any treatment.
In symptomatic patients it may cause various symtoms and complications –

• Biliary colic – a small gall stone can get stuck and block the lumen of cystic duct, whichmay cause acute biliary colic, nausea or vomiting.
• Inflammation of the gallbladder (Acute cholecystitis) – blockage of the cystic duct may cause infection or inflammation of the gall bladder
• Jaundice – if a gallstone moves further and blocks the main common bile duct then patient then patient might develop jaundice. Jaundice means rise in the bilirubin level and this happens when bile salts and pigments produced by the liver start mixing in blood as the outlet is obstructed with stone.
• Cholangitis mean acute inflammation of the bile ducts

• Diet modifications by reducing intake of fat and diary products
• Conservative treatment is given in patients with acute symptoms like I.V Antibiotics and pain Killers.

90% of patients with gall bladder stone disease will need surgery. In surgery unlike renal calculi stones are not removed rather entire gall bladder is taken out. Laparoscopic removal of the gall bladder is the standard technique. However few patients may require open cholecystectomy if gall bladder is acutely inflamed and lots of adhesions are present.

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard procedure for gall bladder removal. It can be done through 3 ports or standard 4 ports. After pacing the standard ports, callot’s triangle dissection is done. Cystic artery and duct are ligated and cut. Gall bladder is separated from the gall bladder fossa and taken out through epigastric port.
• open surgery is rarely done now a days and is indicated only as a conversion procedure from lap to open surgery due to adhesions

Recovery after laparoscopic surgery is very good. Fe w patients might feel mild pain or heaviness in shoulder because of Pneumoperitoneum
Patient are allowed to walk after 2 hours, started orally after 6 hours and are discharged next day morning.

Possible complications include:

• Infection
• Internal bleeding
• Injury to nearby digestive organs or bile ducts
• Leakage of bile into the abdominal cavity
• Injury to blood vessels.

Gall bladder surgery in Mohali is done by most of the hospitals. However before deciding on the hospital it should be done from the best and advanced laparoscopic surgeon.

Gall bladder removal or Lap cholecystectomy is a very common procedure and is done by all general surgeons. If you get your gall bladder surgery from a highly experienced surgeon then chances of complications are less and if you get it done from advanced laparoscopic surgeon then chances of conversion from lap to open are minimal even if your case is complicated. Dr Amit Garg is the best laparoscopic surgeon in Mohali who is working at Fortis hospital Mohali since 2014

Gall bladder is removed normally through standard 4 ports. However, Gall bladder surgery can be done through single Port i.e., through the navel / belly button. It requires a very high level of expertise to do scarless laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dr Amit Garg is one of the few surgeon of north India who has vast experience of performing single incision or scarless gall bladder surgery. Scarless word is misnomer as scar is there but is present in umbilicus and not visible on abdomen.

The cost of gall bladder removal surgery varies from hospital to hospital. On an average the cost varies from 30K to 100k depending upon the hospital, room category and surgeon experience.
Gall bladder surgery is covered under mediclaim by all insurance providers, CGHS, ECHS and Ayushmanbharat scheme.